Jane Eyre And Fahrenheit 451 - 1381 Words

Jane Eyre and Fahrenheit 451 are two pieces of literature destined to stand the test of time. They both possess various traits which distinguish themselves as ‘classics,’ thereby allowing them to be relevant novels regardless of the time period. These aforementioned traits are derived from the facts that both of these novels are timelessly relatable in the sense of possessing the universal ‘coming of age’ theme regarding overcoming disillusionment, give a glimpse into history by acting as symbols of societal norms in their respective time periods, and demonstrate elevated writing largely through the use of symbolism. A critical part of growing up seems to always entail the overcoming of some form of disillusionment. Jane Eyre and Fahrenheit 451 both illustrate this theme so often demonstrated in classic ‘coming of age’ novels. In Fahrenheit 451, Montag becomes disillusioned with his role in society as a fireman: his job is to burn books. Montag goes his entire life blindly following the notion that books are not only superfluous objects but objects which incite chaos. However, after observing a woman who chooses to burn alongside her books rather than be without them (Spencer 65), Montag begins to reflect on all that he has been doing as a fireman and the mindlessness with which he has been doing so (Bradbury 49). The fact that this woman was willing to die for the exact cause Montag was trying to eradicate opens his eyes to the fact that his job may not be as honorable

The Frivolity of Evil by Theodore Dalrymple Essay - 886 Words

The article The Frivolity of Evil by Theodore Dalrymple analyzes the causes of human misery. His work as a psychiatrist in Great Britains slums afforded him a great vantage point to analyze this topic nearer to the fundamental of human existence. He concluded that the citizens of Great Britian willingly participated in precipitating their own misery. Their are three recurring theme in his article the lack of moral responsibility, extreme individualism and lack of cultural expectations. Dalrymple begins his article by showing the mind frame of a prisoner released from prison, who had the idea that he had paid his debt to society. In order to get his point across Dalrymple compares the prisoners situation to his very own, the 14†¦show more content†¦He believed that this shift in thinking leads people to imply that dissatisfaction with life is itself pathological. The idea that this is an illness that can be cured by a doctor. Dalrymple believed that this form of thinki ng stands in the way of people understanding their situation and impedes moral change. The lack of moral responsibility was a recurring theme he observed in his patients. The patient who claimed unhappiness had three different children by three different men. The fathers of the three children lived a life of criminality and violence. Knowing this she still choose to enter into a relationship with them regardless of the consequences. What is confounding is the lack of moral responsibility the patients exhibit towards her children. Their is no punishment from the government or society for the actions she makes. The idea of self interest is prominent is this articles. These individuals base their decisions on their on self interest. They only have a responsibility to their own happiness. Her actions are due to the fact that she did not want to remain alone. He mother based her decisions to turn her daughter out based on the thought that her own sexual liaisons were more imp ortant than caring for her child. The mother of the patient created a cycle of misery for her daughter that, the daughter in turn will create for her own children.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Theodore Dalrymple And The Frivolity Of Evil1044 Words   |  5 PagesTheodore Dalrymple and The Frivolity of Evil ‘The Frivolity of Evil’ is an article written by retired psychiatrist, Theodore Dalrymple. Dalrymple has spent 14 years of his life working in the lower-class slum and prison hospitals in Birmingham, England. His exposure to the lower class in his work has given rise to his unique interested in ‘evil’ or as his title suggest, the lack of seriousness that is taken in regard to evil actions and its recent growth. Dalrymple has traveled all over the world

Critical analysis of apples marketing strategies free essay sample

Wiki invest (2012) Technology states, the technology industry provides foundation for activities such as, chip production, information and communication systems, and computer systems. The companies belonging to this industry serves as developers and manufacturers of the products which increase efficiency and production of cell phones, computers, televisions, and other communication and information systems. It is a huge industry with a high growth potential, but it is sometimes go through volatile cycles, like the semiconductor industry. As chips are getting smaller and globalization is increasing, demand for faster and efficient technology, demand for technological industry in increasing. 1. 2 Introduction to Apple Incorporation Wikipedia (2012) Apple store states, that, Apple Incorporation is a multinational company that creates and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers, selling in 363 stores worldwide, withnglobal sales of about US$16 billion in merchandise. The company was first founded on April 1, 1976 in Cupertino, California by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne and then incorporated on January 3, 1977. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical analysis of apples marketing strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The company was named as Apple Computer, Inc before for the first 30 years. The word Computer was then removed from its name on January 9, 2007. The companys traditional focus was on personal computers shifted towards consumer electronics. Now the companys best-known products are the Macintosh line of computers, iPod, iPhone and the iPad, along with their other line of products including, Mac OS X (operating system), iTunes media browser, iLife suite of multimedia/creativity software, iWork (suite of productivity software), Aperture (professional photography package), Final Cut Studio (suite of professional audio and film-industry), Logic Studio, a suite of music production tools; Safari web browser and iOS (mobile operating system). 1. 2. 1 Mission statement of Apple Inc According to Apple Inc (2012), Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork, and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and has recently introduced its magical iPad which is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices. Another mission statement is:Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and internet offerings. 1 . 1. 2. 2 Vision Statement of Apple Inc According to Apple Inc (2012), We believe that we are on the face of the earth to make great products and thats not changing. We are constantly focusing on innovating. We believe in the simple not the complex. We believe that we need to own and control the primary technologies behind the products that we make, and participate only in markets where we can make a significant contribution. We believe in saying no to thousands of projects, so that we can really focus on the few that are truly important and meaningful to us. We believe in deep collaboration and cross-pollination of our groups, which allow us to innovate in a way that others cannot. And frankly, we dont settle for anything less than excellence in every group in the company, and we have the self-honesty to admit when were wrong and the courage to change. And I think regardless of who is in what job those values are so embedded in this company that Apple will do extremely well. 1. 2. 3 Objectives of Apple Inc As stated on the website Apple Inc (2012) are: ?To obtain products and services within tight timeframe, at a cost providing the best value to the customers and shareholders. ?To keep creating and releasing computers and consumer electronics those are user-friendly. ?To open more stores even on international locations to increase sales and dominate world market. ?To innovate on a regular basis. 1. 2. 4 Major competitors of Apple Inc Samsung, Microsoft, Dell, HP, Blackberry, Nokia 1. 3 Motivations of research: As the competition in the technology industry has increased, it has become mandatory to make a study on the importance of using a marketing strategies of branding for Apple, to stay at the top of consumers mind, to cope up with the changing environment, to gain competitive edge, to make improvements in future and to attain goals set by the company. 1. 4 Research Objectives: ? To analyze the importance of using a marketing strategies of branding for Apple Inc and to find out how STP strategies helps Apples brand.  ? To find out about the benefits of branding for the company and to find out how branding helps to gain a competitive edge by differentiating themselves and how it increases customer loyalty and increases brand awareness. ? To find out about the branded product and its related price, promotion and placement and to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats the company may be fa cing. 2 1. 5 Research question: 1. 5. 1 Leading question: What benefits will Apple and its customers benefit from after using branding marketing strategy? 1. 5. 2 Subsidiary questions: Does branding allow Apple Inc to communicate companys objectives, mission and vision clearly to their customers? ?Does branding helps Apple to differentiate its products from its competitors, by gaining competitive edge? ?Does branding allow Apples customer to easily recognize and recall the company and its products? ?Does branding allow Apple Inc to charge premium for its products and yet maintain customer loyalty? ?How will using STP strategies, 4 Ps of marketing mix and SWOT Analysis help to enhance Apples brand? ?Does branding really contribute in making a difference in Apple Incs success? 1. 6 Organization of Study: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature Review Chapter 3: Methodology Chapter 4: Research findings, data presentation and data analysis Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations 3 . CHAPTER 2: Literature Review 2. 1 Introduction This section will provide the details about the qualitative data, providing a foundation for all the details to follow. 2. 2 What is branding? According to Kotler (1999), branding is a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of all these that identifies the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. Branding does not only allow your target market to choose your company over the competitors, but it helps in getting your prospects to see you as the only company that provides a solution to the consumers problems. It provides a companys with a recognizable and trustworthy badge of originality, an intangible guarantee, i. e. a promise of performance that the product will meet with desired consumers expectations. 2. 2. 1 Apples Branding Strategy According to Marketing minds (2012), Apple Inc.  uses the Apple brand to compete across several highly competitive markets, including the personal computer industry with its Macintosh line of computers/laptops and related software, the consumer electronics industry with products such as the iPod, digital music distribution through iTunes Music Store, the smart phone market with the Apple iPhone, magazine, book, games and applications publishing via the AppsStore for iPhone and the iPad tablet computing device, and movie and TV content distr ibution with Apple TV. The company is also establishing a very strong marketing presence relative to the rival (Google) in the advertising market, via its business Apps and iAd network. Steve Jobs, the co-Founder of Apple, described the company as being a mobile devices company, largest in the world as their revenues are bigger than Nokia, Samsung, or Sonys mobile devices business. 2. 2. 2 Brand Awareness It is when the consumers are familiar about the life or availability of the product. It is the degree to which consumers associate your brand with a specific product/service. As indicated by Management study guide (2012) in their article What is brand awareness? , Brand awareness may include of: ?Brand recognition- is when the consumers have good knowledge of brand when they are asked questions related to a specific brand and they are able to differentiate a brand on the basis of having noticed or heard about earlier. E. g. Is I-phone related to Apple or Samsung? 4 . ?Brand recall- It allows a customer to recover a brand from his memory when given the product class/category, needs satisfied by that category or buying scenario as a signal, i. e. if they are able to recall the brand from their memory. E. g. Showing a logo of Apples brand, and asking which brand does this logo belongs to. 2. 2. 3 Apples brand personality As stated by About. com (2012), What is branding and how important is it to your marketing strategy? , a good brand helps a company to achieve these objectives: ?Helps to deliver the message clearly ?It confirms your companys credibility ?It connects your target prospects emotionally ?It motivates the buyer ?It strengthens user loyalty Apple has a branding strategy that focuses on the emotions. Apple brands personality is about lifestyle, imagination, liberty regained, innovation, passion, hopes, dreams and aspirations, and power-to-the-people through technology. The Apple brand personality is also about simplicity, making life easier for people as they have people-driven product design, and is a humanistic company with a heartfelt connection with its customers. 2. 2. 4 Apples Brand equity According to Investopedia, it is the premium value that the company realizes from a product with a recognizable name as compared to its generic equivalent firm. Companies can create brand equity for their products by making them memorable, easily recognizable and superior in quality and reliability. Also, mass marketing campaigns may help to create brand equity. Brand equity is said to be positive if the consumers are willing to pay more for a branded product than for a generic one. Brand awareness plays a key role in building brand equity. Create reliable brand image, slogans and taglines, helps to strengthen brand awareness which therefore improves brand equity. Marketing minds (2012) also states, Since Apple has strong brand awareness, it has high sales and high market share, and the consumers are well acquainted and familiar with the brand and its products. They are also willing to pay premium price for their products, relative to the competitors brand due to Apples positive brand equity. Apple is not just intimate with their consumers but there is a real sense of community among users of its main product lines. Therefore, this also helps to create consumers brand loyalty (where brand loyalty is when the consumers become committed to your brand, choosing it over competitors and making repeat purchases over time. ) 5 . 2. 3 Benefits of branding a company (Apple) 2. 3. 1 Emotional Appeal As stated by Clarity marketing LTD (2005), emotional appeal helps a great deal in targeting customers emotions with product names. A strong, recognizable brand will acts like a short cut in decision making process, as the customers dont dither over alternatives or compare options where there is no clear point of difference, and instantly chooses your brand as they know what it stands for. For instance, as Apple manufactures technological items, the name of each product clearly reflects technological aspects like iPod touch, which indicates that it is a product that allows you to play and choose music through touch properties. It therefore, helps in creating an integrated appeal to specific emotions promoting the product recognition and sales. 2. 3. 2 Memorability and Familiarity According to Marcia Yudkin (2012), brand helps to create a reputation and good will for a company. It is very hard for customers to refer to a company as that whatsitsname store or to refer business as the shop from the Yellow Pages. In addition to the company name, it gives people to give constant reminders reinforcing the identity of companies they will want to buy from. Memorability can come from the logo, its design, color, style etc which helps to nail your companys name in the minds of the public. Similarly, after your brand is nailed in the minds of your customers, thats when your customers have become familiar and aware of your companys existence in the market. Branding allows having huge effects on non-customers too. Psychologists studies have proved that familiarity develops liking for it. Also, the customers who have never bought from your company, may many tomes be willing to recommend your company to others even without having any personal knowledge of your products or services. Therefore, the half bitten Apple logo and the brand name Apple help a great deal to help customers remember, be familiar and recommend the brand to others. 2. 3. 3 Premium image and Premium price Branding allows a company to differentiate themselves from competitors existing in the market, because of which instead of dealing with price-shoppers the customers become eager to pay a higher price for your companys goods and services. A strong brand let the customers associate themselves as being a company that offers premium quality, trendy products and is offering unique products that other companies are not offering. 2. 3. 4 Extensions When your companys brand is well-established, you can spread the respect youve earned to a related new product, service or location and win acceptance easily of the newcomer. For instance, when Apple introduced a new product extension line of Ipad, the customers trusted the brand so they didnt feel reluctant and bought Ipads anyway, making these tablets quite popular of its kind in the market. 2. 3. 5 Loyalty When customers have a positive experience with your companys brand, they are more likely to buy your products and services again in future rather than the competitors. Customers that are closely bonded with your brands identity may not only repurchase what they bought earlier, but may also buy related items of the same brand, and recommend your brand to others and resist the lure of a competitors price cut. The brand identity helps to create and anchor such loyalty. 6 . Apples loyal customers wait every year to buy a new version of iphone every year, regarding the high price and numerous other phones existing of competitors brand in the market. 2. 3. 6 Lower marketing expenses Branding helps a company to invest less in marketing (promotion) expenses, though you need to invest money in order to create a brand, but its more like a one off investment as once its created you can maintain it and do not need to tell the whole story about the brand every time you market it. For instance, Apple promoting for iphone by Apple, everyone knows that iphone is a touch phone produced by the brand Apple. 2. 3. 7 Greater company equity- Branding your company allows you to get more money when you decide to sell it. Also, it allows the company to borrow loan even if the companys facilities and inventory vanished, just because of their brand name. Similarly if Apple Inc founder ever decides to sell the company he will get more money. 2. 3. 8 Less Risk and Quality Assurance -Lynne Haley Rose (2012) states, when you market a product/service with a strong, positive brand association, you communicate an assurance of quality to the potential customers, which makes the consumers more likely to buy from your branded company rather than a no name company.

Smart Cities Masdar and New Babylon

Table of Contents An overview of Masdar City An overview of the New Babylon City Masdar as ecology vs. function The Masdar city and the Protocol of Program New Babylon as Control vs. Chaos Conclusion Works Cited An overview of Masdar City Masdar City is one of the budding smart cities that use environmentally friendly technologies to stir novelty and empower business. The city is located in Abu Dhabi and covers a total area of 7kilometers square (Jaber 2).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Smart Cities: Masdar and New Babylon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since it is powered by renewable energy, it offers an environment that promotes creativity, provides investment opportunities, offers avenues for testing novel technologies and promotes informal sharing of ideas amongst like-minded experts and serves as a an attraction hub and genesis of world class talent. The unique environment of the city is dra wing regional and global companies to establish sales, promotions, servicing and exhibition hubs to demonstrate their renewable energy and sustainable technologies. In addition, Masdar City offers these companies to set up research and development infrastructures and regional head offices in their respective fields (Masdar City 1). An overview of the New Babylon City The concept of New Babylon City is epitomized by the politicization of urban space which has emerged as a major aspect in the social and political plans of most Urban Social Movements (USMS). This includes the famous Reclaim the Street (RTS), a worldwide lobby group that begun in London in 1990 as a response to the automobile culture and highway extension projects (Smith157). The modern urban social movements-including RTS- have emerged as direct reaction to the ever-rising aggressive politicization of urban space by a number of proponents of global capitalism in the post-modern cityscape (Lefebvre 148 Bauman 70). Sinc e its launch, the politicization of RTS agenda has expanded and transformed to embrace nearly all facets of urban space (Smith 158). The concept of New Babylon City is well articulated by Constant. He states that, â€Å"without public space no culture is possible because, ‘the forum in classical times, the market square of the middle ages, and, more recently, the boulevard†¦ were the places where cultural life developed† (Heynen, 159). In his New Babylon project, Constant gives priority to an open, public space for residents to use in their social interactions. Constant explains further that the main aim of mutiny against conventional standards and conditions is to regain social space (the street) needed for play (Smith 161).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Masdar as ecology vs. function The Masdar project is an initiative of the Abu Dhabi government t hat aims to use it enormous resources in the world energy markets so as to promote the rising technologies of the future. The project will also commercialize and adopt these technologies to mange energy use, carbon emissions and conserve water to enable Abu Dhabi shift from consumer technology to producer technology. The Masdar City project has a Carbon Management Unit (CMU) that aims at developing strategies to reduce carbon emissions. The unit produces value by commercializing carbon emissions via the provisions of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) structure of the Kyoto Protocol. The CMU also creates sustainable technologies for major projects that result in significant reduction of carbon emissions. For instance, Mustang Engineering Company was contracted in 2008 to design the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) plant. The aim of this project is to promote sustainable development by providing clean energy and reducing carbon emissions (Awad 10). According to Rashmi De Roy, Masdar C ity will be the first city in the world to achieve a zero carbon emission environment by 2015. The city aims to attain the ten principles of sustainability of One Planet Living, a worldwide program started by BioRegional, an environmental organization based in the UK (2). The power for Masdar City will be created via photovoltaic panels. Water will be presented via a desalination plant, controlled by solar energy. Masdar City aims to achieve the ten principles of sustainability in the following ways. On zero carbon emission, the city aims to produce renewable energy via photovoltaic solar panels and wind energy technologies. On zero waste programs, the city intends to adopt measures that reduce waste and recycling waste where possible. On transport, the city aims to attain zero carbon emission by promoting automobile sharing and the use of public transport system (Roy 2). The city will promote the use of sustainable materials for example bamboo and timber that are certified by the F orest Steward Council for construction. On sustainable food, all the retail shops will be required to supply organic foodstuff and other sustainable consumable products.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Smart Cities: Masdar and New Babylon specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On fauna and flora, the city management will focus on efforts to protect all valuable species. The culture and heritage of the city’s residents will be synchronized with the construction plans of the city. On equity, the city will aim to provide better working conditions and fair wages for all employees as elucidated by international labor laws. On health issues, the city will aim to provide adequate and easily accessible healthcare facilities and recreational centers for all residents (Roy 2). The Masdar city and the Protocol of Program The evolution of human species in the last hundred thousand years has almost been negligible. Our senses and hereditary innate media are identical to those that enabled us to endure the predatory pace of the primeval savannah. Moreover, the city’s very genuine landscape of information creation and reception, those same rhythms continues, in contact with our new media and enhanced cognition. The modernists demand for strong use of technology in merging urban and cybernetic programs. Any efforts in this direction cast the digital city as a communal nervous system. Currently, the rupture of digital information network via the casing of the city into the open view of residents and their mobile screens depends on the ability of the body to map its own dislodgment in real and imagined topography (Bratton 5). The incarnation of historical image of environment-an irreducible, automatic circuit of habit and habitat- relates to the ambient informational fields that blur the city and which enables us to gain knowledge on how to steer spheres both near and distant. However, such spaces must be learned, and whilst it takes time to understand remote controls, we are fast at learning how to do it. For example, there is a monkey at Duke University who controls a robotic arm miles away via interfacial electronics linked to his brain. The temporal desires of the monkey are converted into informational pulses which when correctly steered, activates a remote prosthesis to respond to his needs. Just like the monkey, human bodies are instilled and intersected by the protracted networks of the living city, both directing its machinery from a remote area and triangulated psychologically and socially by that machinery in the course of human movements.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Humans are thus able to operate the city as a meta-interface, one made up of numerous tiny strategic interfaces (Bratton 6) Just like children acquiring new skills, we learn via gaming how to plan and adapt bodily signals with environmental spaces, to direct nearness and remoteness at the same time, both as individual commuters of the city and as collective groups in emergence. We learn how to touch and pinch, point and click, and poke and wave. As automation turns into an invasive element in the structure of the habitat, the dawn of locative media implies the need for urban operating systems that are able to interlace into one unit the multitudinous computational incidents into an elegant, programmable prototype (Bratton 7). The Masdar City, viewed via the media of that face trickles with live data to be touched and rewritten all over again. Interface with this information is recursive. In this recursion, the existence of information, whether good or bad, can be openly disruptive o f social behavior as individuals alter paths and choices in the image of the actions and veers of others that they see indexed in their personal interface. As the channels of the Masdar city are condensed and disclosed by the handset’s interfaces, the contiguity and gravity of architectural programs melts. The Masdar city demands a logic program that is similar to OMA sectional map and iphone desk itself. The sectional clustering of diverse zones of behavior into a solitary unit give away to interior and exterior sites that can be triggered in urban scale (Bratton 9). New Babylon as Control vs. Chaos According to Gilles Deleuze, the concept of control within the New Babylon framework that describes the position of any aspect in an open environment at any moment does not constitute science fiction (7). Deleuze considers a city where an individual is able to move around with his electronic card that controls his movements. The study of social technology mechanisms of control at their beginning would have to be systematic and define the current process of changeover for the disciplinary areas of enclosure. According to Deleuze, a new dawn has emerged where control measures are used within the society (7). For example, in the education system, there are a number of control measures that have affected training programs for students (Stadler 16). In the healthcare institutions, the new medication without patients or physicians identify ailing people does not demonstrate individuation but introduces a code that controls dividable material. Within the business sector, there are novel ways for managing humans, profits and money that do not use outdated factory form. Within the penitentiary system, electronic devises are fitted on prisoners to monitor their movement. These examples reveal the movement towards setting up of new mechanism of controls in the society (Deleuze 7) Ever since it emerged in 1990s, the Reclaim the Space (RTS) movement has constantly used carnivalesque tactics in its program of reclaiming urban spaces that have been privatized, sanitized and colonized by the aggressive forces of global capitalism (Tafuri 176). Jordan contrasts the notion of institutionalized festivals that are endorsed by the state with the carnivalesque attribute of the sporadic street parties that are common during RTS activities. He argues that whilst formal festivals are organized in a linear and an orderly manner, the RTS reclaiming actions are â€Å"vortexed, whirling†¦involving an uncontrollable state of creative chaos†¦ that breaks a cultural obsession with linearity, order and tidiness, epitomized by roads and cars† (Jordan 355). Jordan emphasizes on the collective facet of the carnivalesque RTS street actions by stating that when â€Å"thousands of people have reclaimed a major road and declared it a ‘street now open,’† replacing â€Å"the roar of [automobile] engines† with â€Å"music, laughter and song,† and transforming â€Å"road rage† into â€Å"road rave,† then â€Å"Lautreamont’s desire that ‘Poetry must be made by all†¦not by one’† is realized (Jordan 354). Thus, Jordan uses this poem to trace the current RTS actions from the 20th century European activists such as Dada to the current Situationist International (Smith 163). According to McCreery, the Situationists believed that the only way to reduce the overwhelming influence of capitalism was by living a less alienated, richer and more inclusive culture. This way, individuals would be in a position to control their own lives by integrating art into day to day life (239). The active criticism by the Situationist on the dissimilarities between politics, art and day to day life was considerably pursued by the proponents of the movements itself, where politics, art, activism and ingenuity were combined into a distinct unit. The main aim of the Situationists to blur t he distinctions between these elements was to speed up an instant mutiny which would be carried out on all levels of the social order, including everyday life experiences (Smith 164). Therefore, the RTS is a perfect reincarnation of the Situationists movements that seeks to question the conservative divisions between politics and art in day to day life. Thus, by seeking to reclaim public space from forces of capitalism, it becomes manifest that the movement aims to dissolve the margins that separate social praxis, art and theoretical reflection (Heynen 151). Thus, the RTS efforts to combine these aspects is mirrored through their actions of reclaiming public space, which is taken as a model of political exploits where the protest is personified as living and spreading political message (Ferrell 132). According to Constant, the culture of New Babylon does not emerge from differentiated activities or unique situations. On the contrary, it results from worldwide activities that involve the entire humanity where each person is engaged in an active relation with his environment. The regularity of each person’s movements relies on the choices he makes and renounce on impulse. Under these conditions, communal mobility mirrors the picture of kaleidoscopic whole, resulting in sporadic changes. This picture is different from the models of a community life governed by the tenets of utility where the structures of behaviors are identical. In the New Babylon city, the urban must react to communal mobility which means a more precise and elastic organization in macro and micro level. Autonomy of creation requires that individuals limit their dependence on material contingency. It assumes an enormous system of communal services needed for social mobility. The automation thus facilitates the creation of colossal centers, located far from public space (Nieuwenhuys 11). The construction of New Babylon project can only start when the economy is fully aimed at the satisfyin g the requirements of the society. Such an economy will allow the mechanization of non-innovative activities hence facilitating the development of creativity. However, the execution of New Babylon project is a sluggish process that gradually substitutes the existing urban structures (Baurnan 58). At first, isolated sectors emerge among the multinational companies and become centers of attraction for the previous structures to the level that, as more time used in work diminishes, the settlement turn out to be chaotic. As the number of these sectors increase and the ties that bind them swell, the activity within them become highly independent and specialized with respect to the residential areas (Nieuwenhuys 15). A new way of life thus emerges within the New Babylon when these sectors are reordered to form a network- a structure that is able to rival the residential structures whereby its importance is gradually reduced as the role of man in the production process ceases to exist. Dur ing the initial stage, the distance between group of sectors and sectors raises the demand for swift means of transport because crossing settlement areas from one sector to another must take the shortest time possible. Afterward, when the various sectors are united and variations increases, the need for swift mobility between sectors is rendered irrelevant. The elasticity of internal space within these sectors allows for several fluctuations in the ambiance and environment. With respect to transport means, these sectors will not be affected by social mobility. A new role thus appears to enhance the role of these sectors where they shift from being tools for work and become tools for play (Nieuwenhuys 17). The New Babylonian way of life is traverse through a sluggish and uninterrupted fluctuation where dislocation is among the different types of activity in the sectors (Nieuwenhuys 18). Thus, in general, the New Babylon city is a system of enormous links, the greater part of which is elevated above the surface. The links are typically free from building, although with the exemption of production centers and other systems that lack space within the sector’s social space. Examples include: drilling rigs; transmission antennae; observatories; historic monuments; and other scientific research facilities. A segment of these free spaces is allocated to different activities on the surface. Another section is allocated to wooded park, nature reserves. The network structures enables access to these areas, where the time spend to move from one area to another is greatly reduced (Nieuwenhuys 19). The topographic survey of New Babylon is a complex activity that cannot be done by employing the usual methods of cartography. This is due to the existence of a time- fourth dimension. The 3-D representation would thus be ineffective since the model of every sector is made up of numerous sections and planes of diverse levels. Thus, it would be necessary to use a computer t o capture all the complex topographical aspects of the city in details (Nieuwenhuys 20). The sector is the smallest unit in New Babylon network. The dimensions of the unit are greater than those of the elements (buildings) that create the city. The extent of these elements is determined by the social interactions system. In most cities, the human relations are formed and strengthened at workplaces, school or leisure places and other meeting places. This translates to every single member of the family letting go private ties outside the manufacture places. As a result, bigger residential units, equipped with communal services, emerge (Stalder 44). The element of control is manifested within the New Babylon city where the movement of an individual within a social space is constrained by the obligations to resume to a fixed abode. The social space of an individual (such as workplace, home, family members) is defined by his social interactions. These constraints are absent within the Ne w Babylon framework. The social space of an individual in the New Babylon City is infinite as he is not controlled anymore. The mobility and chaos generated as a result of constant transformation of space promotes interactions between individuals (Nieuwenhuys 27). Conclusion Following the discourse presented above, it’s quite obvious that the development of both cities-Masdar and New Babylon- will heavily rely on technology in merging urban and cybernetic programs. As already explained, Masdar City aims to integrate a number of renewable and sustainable technologies to reduce carbon emissions. For instance, the CMU is an integral segment of the Masdar City project that will guide the development of new strategies that reduce carbon emission. On the other hand, the concept of control is envisioned within the Babylon City where individuals will be able to carry out their daily tasks via an automated system. Such control measures will be adopted in virtually all sectors of the c ity, such as education, healthcare sector, and business sector. The protracted networks of the living city will be instilled in the bodies of individuals living in Masdar and New Babylon cities. They will thus be able to operate-from remote areas-both cities as a meta-interface, comprising of countless small strategic interfaces. Social mobility within all sectors in the city will thus be rendered obsolete. Works Cited Awad, Khaled. â€Å"Al Masdar†. The International Resource Journal.  2011. Web. Baurnan, Zygmunt. Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000. 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New Babylon: A nomadic Town. Hague: Haags, 1974. Print Roy, Rashmi. Taking Action Today for a Living Planet Tomorrow. Abu Dhabi: WWF, 2008. Print Smith, Christopher. Urban Social Movements and the Politicization of Space.2004. Web. Stalder, Felix. The Stuff of Culture in Open Cultures and the Nature of Networks Revolver. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2005. Print Tafuri, Manfredo. The Sphere and the Labyrinth. London: The MIT Pres s, 1987. Print This research paper on Smart Cities: Masdar and New Babylon was written and submitted by user Alana Craft to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.